Potential for mating disruption of Sparganothis sulfureana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in cranberries.

The feasibility of disrupting mating of Sparganothis fruitworm with a sprayable microencapsulated formulation of (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11-14:Ac), the major pheromone component, was evaluated in New Jersey during 1996 and 1997 seasons. In both years, application of encapsulated E11-14:Ac, at 25-187.5 g (AI)/ha, reduced the incidence of mating of virgin females placed in treated plots relative to those placed in control plots. Pheromone trap catches were lower in pheromone treated plots, indicating that fewer male moths were able to locate the traps in treated plots. Larval density and fruit damage were significantly lower in plots treated with 62.5,125, or 187.5 g (AI)/ha of pheromone than in the untreated control. Air and foliage samples were collected to determine the air titers and foliage residuals of E11-14:Ac throughout the adult flight during 1996 and 1997. E11-14:Ac levels in air and foliage samples, declined sharply one wk after the pheromone application. However, detectable levels of E11-14:Ac were present in both air and foliage samples throughout the 3- to 4-wk period after the pheromone application. Multiple applications of pheromone at lower rates may be more effective in maintaining pheromone levels than a single dose at higher rates. These results suggest that mating disruption is a promising strategy to manage Sparganothis fruitworm in cranberries.     

Cleavage of territrems by alkaline hydrogen peroxide: Isolation and characterization of the aromatic moiety of territrems

The chemical reaction of cleavaging territrem B to give 3,4,5-trimethoxy benzoic acid by alkaline hydrogen peroxide was investigated. The method was applied for confirmation of the chemical structure of the aromatic moiety of territrem A, A’, B, and B’. The physicochemical properties of the aromatic cleavage product of territrem Aindicated the structure as 3,4-methylendioxy, 5-methoxy benzoic acid (or 4-methoxy, 6-carboxy, 1, 3-benzodioxole). The experiment also gave the evidences that territrem A and A’, on the other hand territrem B and B’ have the identical aromatic moieties on their structures.     

丽江百合鳞茎细胞内贮藏物质的细胞形态学观察

丽江百合(Lilium lijiangenese L.J.Peng,sp nov.)引种栽培三年。鳞茎体积增大,中部鳞片细胞由平均12层增加到21层。细胞体积由平均86.5×79微米增加到97.5×89.7微米。细胞内含有两种贮藏颗粒,一种体积较大,椭圆形,另一种体积略小呈圆球形。较大者含有淀粉物质,较小者含有蛋白质、脂肪、多糖和少量核糖核酸。细胞内平均淀粉粒数由4.2个增加到8个,其体积由29.1×19.5微米增加到46.8×23.4微米。蛋白质颗粒数由平均12个增加到70个,体积稍有减小,由4.68—7.8微米减少到3.9—5.85微米。     

Effects of calcium ionophore A23187 and calcium antagonists on 32Pi incorporation into polyphosphoinositides of rat cortical synaptosomes

The role of Ca2+ on 32Pi incorporation into polyphosphoinositides (PPI) of rat cortical synaptosomes was studied. Stimulation of muscarinic receptor by carbachol (1 mM) resulted in a decrease in 32Pi incorporation into phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphophaphate (TPI) and phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (DPI), and an increase in 32Pi incorporation into phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidic acid (PA), whereas no significant effect on other membrane phospholipids was found. This response could be blocked by atropine (1 microM). The stimulatory effect of carbachol required Ca2+ in the medium; the presence of 0.5 mM EGTA blocked the effect of carbachol on PPI turnover completely. Calcium ionophore A23187, at 1 microM, had a similar effect on PPI turnover by carbachol (1 mM). At higher concentrations (10-100 microM) of A23187, the PPI turnover rate was much enhanced. Depolarization of the membrane by high potassium (60 mM) in the presence of calcium resulted in an enhanced PPI turnover, which was similar to the results of the carbachol (1 mM) effect but to a lesser extent. Calcium antagonists, diltiazem and trifluoperazine, at 10 microM could block the carbachol effect on 32Pi incorporation into PPI in this preparation. Our results suggest that the enhancement of PPI turnover in rat cortical synaptosomes by carbachol, calcium ionophore or high potassium requires Ca2+, and it can be blocked by compounds which interfere with the availability of this ion, such as EGTA or calcium antagonists.     

九龙江口红树林研究Ⅱ.秋茄群落的钾、钠累积和循环

本文是福建九龙江口红树林生态系统研究的一个部分,主要讨论20年生秋茄群落的钾、钠的含量及其生物循环。试验结果表明:秋茄群落现存量中,含有钾、钠总量分别为531.97和2100.36公斤/公顷;其中地上部分分别为296.49和742.91公斤/公顷;地下部分分别为235.48和1357.45公斤/公顷。该群落钾、钠生物循环中年吸收量分別为109.15和353.50公斤/公顷·年,归还量分别为59.37和160.18公斤/公顷·年。存留量为49.78和193.32公斤/公顷·年。它的钠含量比钾含量大,周转期钾需9年比钠需13年为快。     

中药灵香草及其混淆品种的比较鉴别

本文比较了中药灵香草Lysimachia foenum-graecum Hance及其混淆品种垂花香草Lysimaehia nutantiflora Chen et C.M.Hu的植物形态、药材性状以及茎、叶组织显微特征。指出垂花香草无灵香草特有的芳香。也无药用记载。应仔细区别,不宜混用。     

Gene deletion, a mechanism of induced mutation by arabinosyl nucleosides

9-β- -Arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine (F-ara-A) and 9-β- -arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-A) are purine nucleoside analogues which are incorporated into nucleic acids. This study demonstrates the mutagenic properties of F-ara-A and ara-A and provides evidence for mechanisms by which the arabinosyl nucleosides induce mutation. At the drug dosages that evoked exponential cell killing, F-ara-A and ara-A caused a significant increase in the number of 6-thioguanine-resistant mutants in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Southern analyses showed that 15 of 16 drug-induced mutants had lost all or part of the HPRT gene, whereas no loss of the gene was found in 4 spontaneous mutants. We conclude that both F-ara-A and ara-A induced mutation predominantly by causing deletion of genetic method. The remarkable frequency of gene deletion among these drug-induced mutations is discussed with respect to possible mechanisms of action of arabinosyl nucleosides in mutational studies.